🧠 1. Nervous System
| Term | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Neuro/o | Nerve |
| Encephal/o | Brain |
| -algia | Pain (e.g., neuralgia = nerve pain) |
| -pathy | Disease (e.g., neuropathy = nerve disease) |
| Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) | Stroke; disruption of blood supply to the brain |
| Seizure | Sudden, uncontrolled electrical disturbance in the brain |
❤️ 2. Cardiovascular System
| Term | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Cardi/o | Heart |
| Angi/o | Vessel |
| -sclerosis | Hardening (e.g., arteriosclerosis = artery hardening) |
| -megaly | Enlargement (e.g., cardiomegaly = enlarged heart) |
| Myocardial Infarction (MI) | Heart attack |
| Hypertension | High blood pressure (≥ 140/90 mmHg) |
🫁 3. Respiratory System
| Term | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Pulmon/o | Lung |
| Bronch/o | Bronchus |
| -pnea | Breathing (e.g., apnea = no breathing) |
| -thorax | Chest (e.g., pneumothorax = air in chest cavity) |
| Asthma | Chronic airway inflammation with wheezing |
| COPD | Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; restricts airflow |
🍔 4. Digestive System
| Term | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Gastr/o | Stomach |
| Enter/o | Intestine |
| -emesis | Vomiting (e.g., hematemesis = vomiting blood) |
| -lith | Stone (e.g., cholelith = gallstone) |
| Gastroenteritis | Inflammation of stomach and intestines |
| GERD | Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease |
🧴 5. Integumentary System (Skin)
| Term | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Dermat/o | Skin |
| Cutane/o | Skin |
| -osis | Abnormal condition (e.g., dermatosis) |
| -itis | Inflammation (e.g., dermatitis) |
| Melanoma | Skin cancer of melanocytes |
| Alopecia | Hair loss |
🦴 6. Musculoskeletal System
| Term | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Oste/o | Bone |
| Arthr/o | Joint |
| My/o | Muscle |
| -malacia | Softening (e.g., osteomalacia = bone softening) |
| Fracture | Broken bone |
| Arthritis | Joint inflammation |
🧠 7. Endocrine System
| Term | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Thyroid/o | Thyroid gland |
| Pancreat/o | Pancreas |
| -emia | Blood condition (e.g., hyperglycemia = high blood sugar) |
| Diabetes Mellitus | Disorder of insulin production/use |
| Hypothyroidism | Underactive thyroid function |
🩸 8. Hematologic & Immune Systems
| Term | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Hemat/o | Blood |
| Leuk/o | White (often white blood cells) |
| -penia | Deficiency (e.g., leukopenia = low white cells) |
| -cyte | Cell (e.g., erythrocyte = red blood cell) |
| Anemia | Low red blood cells or hemoglobin |
| Leukemia | Cancer of white blood cells |
🧠 Bonus: Word Building Tips
- Prefix + Word Root + Suffix = Medical Term
- Example: Hypo- (below) + glyc (sugar) + -emia (blood) = Hypoglycemia